Which of the following are the three principles of selective photothermolysis?

The three principles of selective photothermolysis are foundational to understanding how laser therapy effectively targets specific tissues while minimizing damage to surrounding areas. The correct answer outlines key components that are crucial for effective treatment.

Fluence refers to the energy delivered per unit area, which is vital for determining how much laser energy reaches the target tissue. The right fluence ensures enough energy is applied to achieve the desired effect without overexposing the surrounding tissue.

Wavelength is important because different wavelengths penetrate tissues to different depths and are absorbed by various chromophores (the components in the tissue that absorb light). By selecting a wavelength that is specifically absorbed by the target tissue (e.g., melanin in hair or hemoglobin in blood), practitioners can effectively treat specific conditions while sparing surrounding areas.

Pulse width, or pulse duration, combines both the intensity and duration of the laser light, allowing for the maintenance of the thermal effect on the target while preventing neighboring tissues from suffering thermal damage. This mechanism ensures that the heat produced by the laser is applied briefly enough to destroy the targeted tissue but not so long that it affects adjacent, healthy tissue.

The combination of these three principles—fluence, wavelength, and pulse width—allows for selective targeting in laser treatments, which is