What does the adrenal medulla primarily release?

The adrenal medulla primarily releases adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. This hormone plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response, which is activated during stressful situations. When adrenaline is released, it increases heart rate, enhances blood flow to muscles, and boosts energy production, preparing the body to respond to immediate threats or challenges.

The function of the adrenal medulla is distinct from other components of the adrenal glands. For instance, the adrenal cortex, which is another part of the adrenal glands, is responsible for the secretion of hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which are involved in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, and stress responses over a longer duration. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and is essential for glucose metabolism, while growth hormones are secreted from the pituitary gland to promote growth and development. Thus, the identification of adrenaline as the primary release of the adrenal medulla highlights its specific role in the endocrine system and physiological response to acute stress.