What are the three primary layers of hair?

The three primary layers of hair are the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Each of these layers has distinct characteristics and functions that contribute to the overall structure and properties of hair.

The cuticle is the outermost layer, comprised of flat, overlapping cells that provide protection to the inner layers. This layer plays a vital role in hair strength and shine, as it helps resist damage from environmental factors and contributes to the smoothness of the hair shaft.

The cortex is the middle layer, which contains fibrous proteins and melanin, the pigment responsible for color. The cortex provides the hair its strength, elasticity, and color, making it crucial for the overall appearance and durability of the hair.

The medulla is the innermost layer and is often described as a soft, spongy core. While not always present in every hair type, when it is, the medulla can influence hair texture and its ability to hold natural oils.

Understanding the structure of these layers is essential for those studying hair treatments, as each layer can respond differently to various chemical processes and environmental conditions. This knowledge is fundamental in practices such as hair coloring, perming, and straightening, making the correct identification of these layers crucial for effective hair care and maintenance.